1. |
erdesz konferencia (mind) |
60 sor |
(cikkei) |
2. |
Mindenfelerol, ZP-tol (mind) |
65 sor |
(cikkei) |
3. |
Mohovce 2. (mind) |
191 sor |
(cikkei) |
4. |
Environment Related Events in CEE( 152 sor ) (mind) |
152 sor |
(cikkei) |
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+ - | erdesz konferencia (mind) |
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SUSTAINABLE FORESTS: GLOBAL CHALLENGES AND LOCAL SOLUTIONS
Hosted by the Prince Albert Model Forest Association
A chance to meet internationally-recognized leaders in forest
sustainability.
You are invited to Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, to hear and speak with
researchers, resource managers and forest inhabitants from around the
world -- individuals whose thinking will influence the future of the
world s forests.
Dates:
May 29 to June 1, 1995
Place:
The Delta Bessborough Hotel
601 Spadina Crescent East
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7K 3G8
Tel: (306) 244-5521 Fax: (306) 653-2458
Purpose:
The conference will provide for the exchange of knowledge on
sustainability aspects of the world s forests. Each aspect will be
discussed in light of demographic changes and the world s growing
demands for forest resources. People will also share their experiences
of working toward forest sustainability at the local level. The meeting
will consist of three days of technical sessions and a one day field
tour of the Prince Albert Model Forest midway in the conference.
Conference Organizers:
The conference is organized by the Prince Albert Model Forest with the
support of Canada s Model Forest Network, the Canadian Forest Service
and the University of Saskatchewan. The Partners of the Prince Albert
Model Forest Association include the Canadian Institute of Forestry,
Federation of Saskatchewan First Nations, Montreal Lake Cree Nation,
Parks Canada, Prince Albert Grand Council, Saskatchewan Environment and
Resource Management and Weyerhaeuser Canada Ltd.
For further information contact:
Dr. Thomas Bouman
Prince Albert Model Forest Association Inc.
Box 2406, Prince Albert, SK
CANADA S6V 7G3
Telephone: (306) 922-1944
Fax: (306) 763-6456
The conference agenda and registration form as well as information on
the poster session and field tours are available by connecting with the
Model Forest Program Internet gopher server at:
mf.ncr.forestry.ca
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+ - | Mindenfelerol, ZP-tol (mind) |
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Kedves Kornyeszek!
Nem tudom, hogy nagy es okos emberek (Ti) bolcs mondasai mellet mennyire
erdekel Titeket az en szereny velemenyem, de azert leirom. A kovetkezo
nehany sor Lantos Ur es Csuszi nemregiben megjelent irasai nyoman szuletett,
tehat Ok vegyek valasznak.
Talan olvastatok rovid eletrajzomat nemregiben, a lenyeg az, hogy most eppen
az USA-ban tanulok, Coloradoban. Nemregiben egy honapot toltottem
Californiaban. Lantos Ur mondanivalojanak a lenyege, ha jol hamoztam ki
szavaibol, hogy jelentos szociologiai-mentalis-tarsadalmi valtozasok nelkul
nem tudunk jelentos eredmenyeket elerni kornyezetunk megovasa erdekeben.
Ezzel nagyon egyetertek, es szeretnek egy peldat felhozni. Californiat.
Kozismert, hogy az eletszinvonal nem alacsony arrafele, a fogyasztoi
tarsadalom "aldasait" is fenekig kielvezhetik az ottaniak, azonkivul a
gondolkodasmodjuk is az egyik leghaladobb a vilagon, nagyon fogekonyak az uj
dolgokra (a merketingesek Mekkaja!). Az egyetlen pelda, amit fel akarok
hozni, az a szelektiv hulladekgyujtes. Tudom, hogy azert nem kell olyan
messzire menni, de ez most egy friss elmeny szamomra. Ahol jartam, mindenhol
negyfele gyujtottek a hulladekot, tenyleg hihetetlenul keves nem
ujrahasznosithatot produkaltak. (Reszletekrol kerdezzetek Dianat, oneki
elsokezbol vannak informacioi) Ugyanakkor itt Coloradoban (kozep-nyugat,
konzervativ kornyek) gyakorlatilag senki se gyujti a hulladekat szelektiven,
pedig a lehetoseg megvan ra! Ezt egyertelmuen a tarsadalmi hagyomanyok,
es gondolkodasmod szamlajara irom. Es ami a legerdekesebb, lehet, hogy nem
megfelelo emberekkel talalkoztam itt, de nem is erdekli oket.
Tehat a lenyeg, amit el szeretnek mondani: Szerintem ezt az egeszet ket
felekeppen kell megfogni. A gazdalkodo szervezeteket igenis lehet
valamennyire adminisztrativ intezkedesekkel felelos magatartas fele
szoritani. De a lenyegi attores akkor kovetkezik be, ha az emberek kezdenek
maskent gondolkodni. Es ahhoz, hogy ez a folyamat beinduljon, ket dolog
kell. Az egyik a lehetoseg a cselekvesre. A masik, hogy a tarsadalom
szellemi vezetoi, olyan emberek, akiknek a velemenyere az emberek adnak,
akiknek a viselkedeset mintanak tekintik, kozeleti szemilyisegek, tanarok,
stb. megfeleloen viselkedjenek. Az oktatasi rendszerunket is at kene
alakitani valamennyire, mert igenis, jelentos hatasa van a
szemilyisegfejlodesre, ha maskent nem is, de az ismetlesen keresztul.
Sajnos, nekem szemely szerint nagyon rosz tapasztalataim vannak, kulonosen a
felsooktatasrol (ugye, ezek a frissebbek). En, mint gepeszmernok-palanta,
soha nem hallottam volna, ha nem lennek kornyesz, hogy egy gepet keves
hulladekkal es energiaval kell megcsinalni (nem gazdasagi, hanem kornyezeti
szempontbol), azonkivul elobb-utobb szemetre kerul, es akkor mi lesz vele?
A masik, ami viszont remenytkelto, hogy termektervezo kollegaim, akik
szerintem a legjobbak es akikkel egyutt dolgozom, mindanyian kuzdenek egy
komoly lelkiismereti problemaval. Nevezetesen, hogy a fogyasztasi cikkek,
amiket meg fogunk tervezni, gyakorlatilag egybol (na jo, nehany ev
kesessel), a szemetre kerulnek. Mi ugy probaljuk feloldani ezt, hogyha benne
leszunk a rendszerben (tervezunk majd megvalosulo termeket), akkor majd
megprobalhatunk valamit valtoztatni. A gond az, hogy mar most tisztan
latszik, hogy a gazdalkodok rovid tavu gazdasagi erdeke ellentmond az
emberisseg hosszu tavu erdekeinek, es az internalizalas problemait Ti is
ismeritek. Azonkivul, nem elkeseriteskeppen, de a jelentos szemleleti
valtozasok hosszu idot vesznek igenybe. Peldam most az evolucios elmeletek.
Sajnos, megint jo alaposan levizsgazom, de nem tudom pontosan, mikor jelent
meg Charles bacsi muve. Mindenesetre nem ma. Es mikorra fejtette ki
teljesen hatasat az emberek gondolkodasmodjara? Szerintem a masodik
vilaghaboru kornyeken. Mondjuk, negy generacio? Az igaz, hogy az
informacioaramlas nem volt olyan gyors akkoriban, meg nehezebben jutott el
szelesebb retegekhez, de itt is a szellemi vezetok a lenyeg. Es nem a szavak,
hanem az eszme (gondolatvilag) altal athatott cselekves. Azonkivul az is
nyilvanvalo, hogy az emberekhez nem eleg eljuttatni az informaciot, azt fel
is kell fogni es tudatositani. Egy pelda: Egy atlagos amerikai
erzekszerveihez napi 5-600 hirdetes jut el. Es mennyire emlekszik masnap?
Talan egy fel tucatra.
Most hirtelen ennyi jutott eszembe. Koszonom a turelmeteket, hogy
vegigszenvedtetek ezt a kis cikket. Udv es minden kozhelyeket:
ZP
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+ - | Mohovce 2. (mind) |
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From:
MOCHOVCE PROJECT UNSAFE, DOCUMENTATION INADEQUATE,
PKE TELLS ENVIRONMENT COMMISSION, Part 2
1)Reactor Pressure Vessel Integrity
Reactor Pressure Vessel integrity has been recognised as a concern in
VVER230, VVER213, and VVER320/1000reactors for a number of years, by Soviet
as well as western analysts. Problems with RPV integrity due to neutron
embrittlement of the steel of the pressure vessel is also recognised as a
problem in older US and French PWRs, and at least one US plant has been
denied an extended plant licence as a result of these concerns. Fracture
of the reactor pressure vessel is the greatest catastrophe that can happen
to a PWR or VVER reactor. It would result in the complete destruction of
the reactor core, whose contents would be ejected under pressure . Even in
plants with a full western - style containment, such an accident would
probably breach the containment, resulting in a large-scale release of
radioactivity to the environment, a Chernobyl - like event. In the case
of VVER reactors, which lack full containment, the results would be even
more serious.
(...)
The US Department of Energy (DOE), hardly a hotbed of nuclear critics, in a
September 1989 analysis of VVER safety [DOE/NE0086, 1.5, 3.2] provides the
kind of account of the VVER embrittlement problem that should have been in
the Mohovce EIA and Safety Report.
According to the DOE, neutron embrittlement is a problem in VVERs for a
number of reasons, of which the main ones are the presence of trace copper
and phosphorous impurities in the steel of which the RPV is produced,
[DOE NE/86, 1-5] a relatively large core size
coupled with a relatively small RPV size,
(due to the fact that VVER RPVs are designed to be rail
shipped), which has led to a very small gap between
the core and the RPV wall, plus a 'hard'
neutron spectrum due to the core geometry.
(...)
For example, it is possible to construct RPVs from a grade of
steel known as 'AA' which is much less susceptible to
embrittlement. Some VVER1000 RPVs are now made of 'AA' steel.
[DOE NE/0086, 1-5]
No mention is made in the EIA or Safety Report of the
kind of material of which the Mohovce RPV is made.
This is astounding, as even in the total absence of
all documentation, the RPV itself could easily be sampled.
It is also possible to anneal reactor pressure vessels
that have already become embrittled, using a Soviet
technique already carried out on the Kozluduy plant
in Bulgaria, the Kola plant, and the now abandoned
Greifswald plant in Germany. The annealing process
involves heating the RPV to a very high
temperature for a number of weeks, and cooling it very slowly.
However, once the procedure has been
done, embrittlement proceeds as before,
and the process cannot be repeated indefinitely.
Finally, changes can be made to the core geometry
that involve replacing the outermost row of fuel
assemblies by stainless steel 'dummies'. (...)
None of these issues are in any way addressed in the EIA,
its Safety report, (...)
It is beyond belief that the material out of which the
Mohovce RPV is made is not known, and its neutron
embrittlement properties not well established by
testing methods that have been known and used in
both Russia and the US for
a number of years.
(...)
SEP's cavalier treatment of the issue of RPV integrity is shocking, and
shows disrespect both for the EIA process, and the crucial goal of reactor
safety. The issue is far from trivial, as RPV failure is the greatest
catastrophe that can happen to a PWR plant.
2)Scram (Az) System
Almost as crucial (...)
is the ability of the reactor to be shut down quickly in an
emergency. This emergency shutdown, known in US and UK usage as a 'scram'
is accomplished by the rapid insertion of neutron - absorbing control
rods. During an orderly and gradual shutdown or startup of the reactor,
these rods are inserted or withdrawn in a specific sequence, which is
controlled by software. During an emergency shutdown, all rods are simply
slammed into the core at once as fast as possible. Either by hydraulic
means, by electromagnetic means, by gravity, or a combination of the
above. (...)
This (the present, using electric drive motors) arrangement is if anything
even less satisfactory than the original (gravity) one. Because of the
friction exerted by the drive motor, the rods fall far too slowly. Scram
insertion time for a VVER213 is about ten seconds, much longer than for other
reactors. In addition,"Any fault in the electrical system may cause failure
to scram, plus sustained rod withdrawal"[DOE NE0086 1-6]
In addition, the DOE analysis notes that that the control system and the Az
system are interconnected, resulting in 'cross - talk' and erroneous
signals to the Az system. [DOE NE/0086 2-1] This means that in an emergency
situation, a scram could actually be reversed when it should not be, a
potentially catastrophic possibility.
Finally, the DOE notes that there is a lack of redundancy in the Az
system as well as lack of protection from damage by fire, water, steam,
etc.
This means that the risk of failure of the system is relatively high.
Few details are provided in the safety report either (...)
SEP has already
provided an 'improved' reactor protection system, but we are not told what
it is nor indeed, whether this even means hardware or software.
(...)
3) Accident Localisation System
A third crucial issue in VVER reactors is the effectiveness of the
'Accident Localisation System'(ALS). The ALS in VVER213 reactors is based
on a system of hermetically sealed compartments containing the RPV and
steam - generators, with separate compartments for main coolant pumps, plus
a 'bubbler condenser tower' intended to relieve pressure in the confinement
area during a large accident. This is done by condensing steam in a series
of water - filled trays, preventing the build-up of pressure in the
concrete confinement that would threaten the integrity of that structure.
V230 and 213 reactors do not have a full secondary containment. (...) In
addition, there is the 'bubbler condenser tower', containing
water - filled trays designed to condense steam, and a spray system.
However, serious questions exist about the structural integrity of the
bubbler condenser tower during a serious loss of coolant accident.(LOCA).
A collapse of all or part of the bubbler - condenser tower during a serious
accident such as LOCA or RPV fracture would result in the escape of large
quantities of radioactive steam and gas.
(...)
DOE did not do (...) particular analysis for the V213,
and the analysis that was done for the V213 assumed no problems with the
structural integrity of the 'Bubbler Condenser Tower'.
But it is increasingly clear that the tower's structural integrity cannot
be relied on. (...)
The Riskaudit evaluation of the Bubble Condenser Tower (...)
concluding that the load - bearing capability of the structure (...)
had 'yet to be proved', and that the
maximum design pressure for the tower was virtually the same with no margin
for error, as the pressure to which a LOCA would subject it. It was not
spelled out whether by a LOCA, a cold - leg break, or complete RPV fracture
was meant, but the maximum design accident for a V213 is a cold - leg
break, so presumably that is what was meant. Complete RPV fracture would be
beyond design basis and therefore even more severe.
At one point, according to Riskaudit, "The maximum design pressure is
expected to be exceeded already under best estimate conditions
(inclusive of consideration of flow compressibility through the check
valves) without any safety margins" (...)
Conclusion
The three issues dealt with - RPV integrity, Scram system reliability, and
the structural integrity of the bubbler condenser tower component of the
accident localisation system are by no means the only safety issues that
affect the Mohocvce plant. They are however, probably the most serious and
pressing ones. (...)
An accident at Mochovce could be very serious indeed. The most serious
accident that could possibly happen would be a complete fracture of the
RPV, an event that in the case of the VVER 230 analysis conducted by DOE
would have propelled the RPV head together with the control - rod drive
assemblies out through the protective dome of the confinement system and
out of the surrounding building, resulting in a core meltdown with
immediate release of radiation to the environment. Such an event would
produce a plume of radiation as long as 1000Km, that would affect all of
Northern Slovakia and would blanket the whole of southeast Poland.
A 'cold - leg LOCA' supposedly the design - basis accident for the VVER213,
would be contained only if the bubbler- condenser tower functioned exactly
as designed. Since the indications are that parts of it would in fact
collapse, a major release of radiation would also result from such an
accident.
The treatment of these issues reflects a standard of documentation and
practice that, if reflected in the Mohovce project itself, means that the
project should not be approved.
Tomasz Terlecki, Regional Campaigner
Multilateral Development Banks
Polish Ecological Club - National Board/Friends of the Earth - Poland
phone/fax: +48-12-21.88.52
ul. Pilsudskiego 8, 31-109 Krakow, Poland
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+ - | Environment Related Events in CEE( 152 sor ) (mind) |
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List of Environment Related Events
in Central and Eastern Europe
as of February 15, 1995, biweekly updates
Compiled by the Regional Environmental Center
If you would like your event listed here,
send details to:
Ms. Nikoletta Nagy
Regional Environmental Center
Miklos ter 1
H-1035, Budapest, Hungary
tel:+361.250.3401
fax:+361.250.3403
e-mail:
3/22/95
EUROPEAN BUSINESS INFORMATION CONFERENCE `95
EBIC is the meeting place for senior players in
the information world who have an interest in
information about business in Europe
Budapest, Hungary
Working languages: English
Contact: Tel: 44 171 251 5522 Fax: 44 171 251
8318 E-mail:
4/5/95
WORKSHOP ON DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL-SIZE BOILERS
FOR INDUSTRIAL, HOUSEHOLD AND FARMING SECTORS
Coal consumption, clean technologies,
implementation of technologies
Szczyrk, near Bielsko, Upper Silesia
Working languages: English, Russian, Polish
Contact: UN Economic, Commission for Europe Mr.
Slav Slavov Palais des Nations,CH-1211 Geneva
10, Switzerland Tel: 41 22 9172444, Fax: 41 22
9170038 or Mr. Jerzy Prus Tel: 48 32 583022,
Fax: 48-32 596533
4/10/95
THE INTERNATIONAL GAS CONGRESS
High efficiency appliances and technologies,
environmental aspects and benefits of natural
gas use
Prague
Working languages:
Contact: Mrs. Olga Solarikov , Executive
Secretary, Czech Gas and Oil Association,
Sokolska 4, 120 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic,
Tel.: +42 2 249 12955, Fax: +42 2 249 12955
5/28/95
10TH WORLD CLEAN AIR CONGRESS
Key note speakers will represent a broad range
of current scientific perspectives and
addressing the various session topics,
opportunities for opening up markets in the
former EE countries.
Espoo, Finland
Working languages: English
Contact: POBox 151, Fin-00141 Helsinki, Finland
6/5/95
LAND USE CHANGES AND NATURE CONSERVATION IN
CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE, INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCE -
The aim of this meeting is to bring together
environmentalists, scientists and land managers
in order to facilitate the discussion and
exchange of ideas on the impact of land
reprivatisation on nature.
Palanga, Lithuania
Working languages: English
Contact: Dr. Pranas Mierauskas, Lithuanian Fund
for Nature, Juozapaviciaus St.9, LT-2600
Vilnius, Lithuania; Tel./Fax: +370 2 355957
(temporary)
6/6/95
2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, ECOLOGY OF DANUBE
Evaluate ecological and economic development
for the Danube
Bratislava, Slovak Republic
Working languages: English
Contact: City University Bratislava, Mudronova
47, 811 03 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Tel.:
+42 7 31 4466, Fax: +42 7 31 6978
6/11/95
SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE "HOST FACTORS IN
ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY"
Environmental epidemiology, Region
Cracow, Poland
Working languages: English
Contact: Conference Secretariat, 7, Kopernika
str., 31-034 Crakow, Poland Phone/fax: +48 12
228795, e-mail:
6/12/95
GIS/LIS '95 CENTRAL EUROPE - THE THIRD
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION ON
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS/LAND INFORMATION
SYSTEMS FOR CEE
It will be a four day session of conferences,
workshops, seminars and exhibition related to
data conversion, database management and
standards, desktop, digital, and handheld
mapping technologies, environmental and
resource management, GPS applications
Budapest, Hungary
Working languages: English, translation into
Hungarian
Contact: GIS/LIS '95 Central Europe c/o
International Secretariat, P.O.Box 5738,
Bethesda, MD 20814; Tel.: +301 951 0480, Fax:
+301 951 0499
9/19/95
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND REMEDIATION IN CEE
Hazards, Waste control, Monitoring, Risk
Assessments
Budapest, Hungary
Working languages: English
Contact: Mervyn Richardson, B.A.S.I.C., 6 Birch
Drive, Maple Cross, Rickmansworth, Herts, WD3
2UL, England, Tel.: +44 923 774187, Fax: +44
494 714516
9/25/95
I REGIONAL SYMPOSIUM: CHEMISTRY AND THE
ENVIRONMENT
Will include lectures, round table sessions
about: analytical methods and monitoring
systems for pollutant determination, effects of
harmful chemicals in the environment, in-door
air pollution, radiochemical contamination,
environmental chemistry
Vrnjacka Banja, Yugoslavia
Working languages: English
Contact: Serbian Chemical Society, Karnegijeva
4, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia, Tel./Fax: +381
11 187 133
__________________________________________________________________
Ivelin Roussev Information Exchange Team
Information Specialist The Regional Environmental Center
e-mail: Miklos ter 1
Phone:+(36-1) 250-3401 1035 Budapest
Fax: +(36-1) 250-3403 Hungary
__________________________________________________________________
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